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Kyokushin kai karate dengan kurikulum latihan
Sejarah
Kyokushinkai adalah sebuah aliran karate yang didirikan oleh Masutatsu Oyama. Aliran ini menekankan latihan fisik dan full-contact kumite, yakni latih-tanding / "sparring" tanpa pelindung. Kyokushin memiliki arti kebenaran tertinggi, yang diyakini oleh Mas Oyama sebagaimana karate itu seharusnya diajarkan dan dipelajari.Masutat
su Oyama lahir sebagai seorang Korea yang bernama Choi Hyung Yee. Sewaktu kecil di Korea, beliau mempelajari seni bela diri Korea yang bernama Chabee. Chabee mendapat pengaruh dari seni bela diri Tiongkok "Seni 18 Telapak Tangan" yang dikembangkan lebih lanjut oleh orang Korea menjadi Chabee. Sejak kecil, Choi Hyung Yee bukanlah seorang anak yang diam saja dan bersabar kalau diganggu. Beliau sering terlibat dalam perkelahian, apalagi kalau beliau atau teman-temannya diganggu. Kepribadian yang agresif inilah yang beliau wariskan ke Kyokushin menjadi sebuah aliran yang menekankan offense, dan pentingnya menjatuhkan lawan secepat mungkin.
Pada waktu Perang Dunia ke 2, Choi Hyung Yee pindah ke Jepang dan mendaftarkan diri sebagai mekanik pesawat tempur. Di Jepang, beliau tinggal bersama keluarga perantuan dari Korea dan mengadopsi nama keluarga mereka, Oyama. Pada saat itu banyak orang perantauan yang mengadopsi nama Jepang agar mudah berbaur dan diterima masyarakat Jepang. Setelah perang usai pada tahun 1945, beliau mempelajari karate Shotokan dari guru besar Gichin Funakoshi. Pada saat yang bersamaan, beliau bertemu dengan sesama perantauan dari Korea bernama So Nei Chu. So Nei Chu mewarisi Goju-Ryu dari Gogen Yamaguchi, dan Mas Oyama mempelajari Goju-Ryu dari So Nei Chu.
Sewaktu di Jepang, kepribadian yang agresif dan tidak mau kalah masih melekat kuat pada diri Oyama muda. Di Tokyo, beliau sering terlibat perkelahian dengan para gangster Jepang maupun tentara Amerika yang bertugas di Jepang. Beliau pernah secara tidak sengaja membunuh seorang gangster Jepang yang terkenal ahli menggunakan pisau (Akhirnya beliau dibebaskan dari tahanan dengan alasan membela diri). Oyama juga dijuluki "Superman dari Timur" oleh masyarakat setempat karena sering membela orang-orang lokal dari tentara Amerika yang berbuat onar. Setelah beberapa saat, Tokyo menjadi tidak aman lagi bagi Mas Oyama, karena beliau dicari oleh banyak pihak yang ingin membalas perbuatannya. Atas saran So Nei Chu, Mas Oyama akhirnya mengasingkan diri ke sebuah gunung untuk merenungkan tujuan hidupnya.
Selama dalam pengasingan, beliau hidup sebagai layaknya seorang Yamabushi (Prajurit Biksu). Menghadapi kerasnya tempaan alam, beliau banyak mendapat inspirasi dari kisah hidup Miyamoto Musashi, seorang ahli pedang tersohor di Jepang. Setiap hari beliau berlatih mendalami ilmu bela diri serta bermeditasi untuk merenungkan hidupnya. Setelah beberapa saat, beliau merasa latihan di gunung sudah cukup dan memutuskan untuk turun ke kota.
Mas Oyama mengikuti kejuaraan karate dan menjadi juara. Akan tetapi, beliau masih merasa kecewa dengan kemampuan yang dimilikinya. Merasa masih belum mampu menerapkan apa yang telah dipelajarinya pada pertarungan yang sesungguhnya, Mas Oyama mencukur habis rambutnya dan sekali lagi naik ke gunung untuk berlatih.
Setelah lebih dari setahun di gunung, Mas Oyama akhirnya turun untuk menguji hasil dari latihannya. Di sebuah desa, ada seekor banteng yang akan dijagal. Beliau meminta ijin untuk menjatuhkan banteng tersebut dengan tangan kosongnya. Akan tetapi, beliau gagal pada usaha pertamanya. Setelah dipukul, banteng tersebut marah dan mengobrak-abrik kerumunan orang-orang di sekitarnya. Mas Oyama tidak menyerah. Beliau berhari-hari mempelajari banteng-banteng tersebut. Setelah itu, beliau mencobanya lagi. Banteng tersebut jatuh dengan sekali pukul ke arah kepalanya. Berita tentang seorang karateka menjatuhan banteng dengan kepalan tangannya menyebar dengan cepat. Selain itu, beliau juga mengadakan perjalanan keliling Asia Tenggara mengadakan demo dan menantang banyak aliran di dalam maupun luar Jepang. Hal ini menimbulkan banyak sensasi dan mempopulerkan Karate di dunia internasional.
Dengan modal ketenaran inilah, Mas Oyama lalu mendirikan sebuah dojo karate di Tokyo. Karate di dojo ini menekankan pentingnya latihan full-contact kumite (latih-tanding tanpa pelindung). Menurut beliau, full contact kumite merupakan hal yang penting untuk mengasah semangat dan ketrampilan berkelahi. Hal ini sempat menimbulkan ketegangan dengan tetua-tetua dari aliran karate lain yang berpendapat bahwa praktek aplikasi karate secara langsung itu berbahaya dan tidak perlu.
Puncak ketegangan ini muncul pada tahun 1960an. Pada waktu itu, petinju Muay Thai menyatakan bahwa Thai Boxing adalah seni bela diri yang terkuat, dan ia telah mengalahkan banyak wakil aliran bela diri, termasuk karate Jepang (Pada waktu itu, karate sedang populer di dunia internasional, dan petinju Muay Thai ini ingin memanfaatkan kesempatan untuk mencari nama). Petinju Muay Thai tersebut meminta wakil resmi dari Jepang untuk menjawab tantangannya. Sikap resmi dari aliran-aliran Karate di Jepang adalah untuk tidak melayani tantangan tersebut, karena tujuan dari Karate adalah untuk membina mental dan salah satu dari perwujudan penempaan mental tersebut adalah untuk menghindarkan dari perkelahian yang tidak perlu. Akan tetapi, Mas Oyama berpendapat bahwa Karate memang bukan untuk mencari masalah. Tetapi apabila masalah itu datang dengan sendirinya, lari dari masalah adalah tindakan pengecut. Beliau mengirim 3 murid terbaiknya ke Thailand untuk bertanding dengan aturan Muay Thai. 2 dari 3 muridnya tersebut menang dan mereka kembali ke Jepang dielu-elukan sebagai pahlawan yang mengangkat harga diri Jepang. Hal ini menambah ketegangan antara aliran Oyama ini dengan aliran-aliran Karate yang lain, sehingga banyak aliran lain yang menjuluki aliran Oyama sebagai "bukan Karate" dan "ilmunya para berandalan".
Mas Oyama tidak ambil pusing atas tanggapan tersebut. Beliau secara resmi mendirikan Kyokushin yang berarti kebenaran tertinggi yang beliau yakini sebagaimana Karate seharusnya diajarkan dan dipelajari. Beliau mengadakan turnamen-turnamennya sendiri merespon dilarangnya Kyokushin mengikuti pertandingan-pertandingan Karate. Meski di-'anak-tiri'-kan, Kyokushin berkembang pesat di dalam maupun di luar Jepang, terutama karena beberapa generasi pertama Kyokushin banyak menantang berbagai aliran bela diri di Asia maupun di negara-negara Barat.
KURIKULUM LATIHAN
( KYOKUSHIN KARATE INDONESIA )
SABUK PUTIH ( Kyu 10 & 9 )
A. TEKNIK
Kihon ( Dasar )
1. Tachikata ( kuda-kuda)
Heisoku Dachi Musubi Dachi Heiko Dachi Fudo Dachi
Uchihachiji Dachi Sanchin Dachi Moroashi Dachi Zenkutsu Dachi
Kiba Dachi Shiko Dachi Tsuruashi Dachi Kokutsu Dachi
Nekoashi Dachi Kakeashi Dachi
2. Tsuki (pukulan)
Seiken Chudan Tsuki Seiken Jodan Tsuki Seiken Ago Uchi Seiken Shita Tsuki Uraken Gammen
Uchi Uraken Sayu Uchi Uraken Hizo Uchi Uraken Mawashi Uchi Hiji Chudan Ate Hiji Jodan Ate Hiji Age Uchi Hiji Yoko Ate
Hiji Ushiro Uchi Hiji Oroshi Uchi Shuto Mawashi Gammen Uchi
Shuto Sakotsu Uchi Shuto Uchi Uchi Shuto Mawashi Hizo Uchi
Shuto Sakotsu Uchikomi
3. Uke ( Tangkisan )
Jodan Uke Chudan Soto Uke Chudan Uchi Uke Gedan Barai
Chudan Uchi Uke Gedan Barai
4. Keri ( Tendangan )
Mae Keage Uchimawashi Sotomawashi Hiza Geri
Kakato Geri Kin Geri Mae Geri Mawashi Geri
Yoko Keage Yoko Geri Kansetsu Geri Ushiro Geri
5. Kokyu Ho ( Teknik Pernapasan )
Nogare I & II
Ditutup dengan latihan : Shuto Mawashi Uke Seiken Chudan Gyaku Tsuki .
Semua gerakan diatas dilakukan minimal 30 kali .
Ido Kihon ( Dasar dalam gerakan melangkah )
Dalam sikap Zenkutsu Dachi : melangkah kedepan dan kebelakang ( mundur ) . atau melangkah kedepan lalu putar .Dikombinasikan dengan satu teknik lain ( Tsuki, Keri, Uke ) , mis : Zenkutsu Dachi + Seiken Oi Tsuki atau Gyaku Tsuki ) . Sekarang lakukan juga dengan Sikap Sanchin Dachi .
Kata ( Jurus )
Kihon Kata Ichi , Taikyoku Sono Ichi & Ni , Sokugi Taikyoku Sono Ichi .
B. KUMITE ( Pertarungan )
Yakusoku Kumite
Hanya menangkis serangan :
C. CONDITIONING ( Pengondisian )
Mengembangkan diri untuk mencapai kondisi sbb :
SABUK BIRU ( Kyu 8 & 7 )
A. TEKNIK
Kihon ( Dasar )
1. Tachikata ( kuda-kuda)
Tetap diulang-ulang agar dikuasai dengan baik dan mantap .
2. Tsuki (pukulan)
Dilatih juga teknik pukulan dengan Tettsui , Shotei , Nukite .
3. Uke ( Tangkisan )
Dilatih juga teknik tangkisan Morote Uke , Mawashi Uke, Shuto Mawashi Uke .
4. Keri ( Tendangan )
Tetap diberi secara lengkap seluruh tendangan .
Ibuki
Ditutup dengan latihan : Shuto Mawashi Uke Seiken Chudan Gyaku Tsuki .
Semua gerakan diatas dilakukan minimal 30 kali .
Ido Kihon ( Dasar dalam gerakan melangkah )
Sikap Kokutsu / Nekoashi Dachi : melangkah kedepan dan kebelakang ( mundur ), putar . Dikombinasikan dengan satu teknik lain ( Tsuki, Keri, Uke ) , mis : Kokutsu Dachi + Seiken Oi Tsuki atau Gyaku Tsuki ) . Jumlah pukulan ditambah, mis. Kokutsu Dachi + Nihon Tsuki , Sambon Tsuki . Masih dengan Kokutsu / Nekoashi Dachi melakukan : Shuto Mawashi Uke, Gyaku Tsuki . Posisi Kiba Dachi : Kaki menyilang didepan atau belakang melangkah kesam-ping (Mae Kosa, Ushiro Kosa ) melakukan Yoko Geri . Atau memutar badan melakukan mis : Jun Tsuki / Tettsui. Sekarang ditambahkan dengan serangan, mis : Zenkutsu Dachi + Jodan Uke-Seiken Chudan Gyaku Tsuki.Atau Zenkutsu Dachi+Mae Geri-Seiken Chudan Tsuki .
Kata ( Jurus )
Kihon Kata Ni , Taikyoku Sono San , Sokugi Taikyoku Sono Ni & San ( Kyu 8 )
Pinan Sono Ichi & Ni , Sanchin ( Kyu 7 )
B. KUMITE ( Pertarungan )
Yakusoku Kumite
Hanya menangkis serangan :
Sekarang lebih bervariasi, mis : pihak menyerang dengan tangan - tangan - kaki ; tangan - kaki - tangan dstnya. Begitu juga pihak menangkis . Lakukan Sambon Kumite .
Jiyu Kumite : 60 detik
Kriteria : Reigi ( tingkah laku, etiket, ketenangan ) / Kamae ( sikap kuda-kuda ) / Kiai / Kecepatan / Tenaga / Stamina / Tangkisan mengait . Semua tata cara, tingkah laku di perhatikan, kemudian lakukan serangan dengan kiai, cepat ,bertenaga , tanpa dikenai sasaran . Kemudian melatih menangkis dengan mengait terhadap serangan tangan maupun kaki . Berulang-ulang hingga mahir .
C. CONDITIONING ( Pengondisian )
SABUK KUNING ( Kyu 6 & 5 )
A. TEKNIK
Kihon ( Dasar )
1. Tachikata ( kuda-kuda)
Tetap diulang-ulang agar dikuasai dengan baik dan mantap .
2. Tsuki (pukulan)
Ditambahkan teknik pukulan : Koken Uchi, Haito Uchi, Morote Tsuki
3. Uke ( Tangkisan )
Ditambahkan teknik tangkisan : Koken Uke, Haito Uchi, Juji Uke .
4. Keri ( Tendangan )
Tetap diberi secara lengkap seluruh tendangan .
5. Kokyu Ho ( Teknik Pernapasan )
Ibuki
Ditutup dengan latihan : Shuto Mawashi Uke Seiken Chudan Gyaku Tsuki .
Semua gerakan diatas dilakukan minimal 30 kali .
Ido Kihon ( Dasar dalam Gerakan melangkah )
Ditambahkan lebih banyak ragam , mis : Dako Ido ( sudut 45 derajat ) = 45 derajat Kiba Dachi + Gedan Barai . Kombinasi pukulan lebih diperbanyak . Rangkaian-rangkai Kata dapat juga diberikan .
Kata ( Jurus )
Pinan Sono San , Yantsu ( Kyu 6 )
Pinan Sono Yon , Tsuki No Kata ( Kyu 5 )
B. KUMITE ( Pertarungan )
Yakusoku Kumite
Perbanyak latihan Sambon Kumite , Ippon Kumite .
Jiyu Kumite : 60 detik ( 3 ronde )
Kriteria : Reigi ( tingkah laku, etiket, ketenangan ) / Kamae ( sikap kuda-kuda ) / Kiai / Kecepatan / Tenaga / Stamina / Tangkisan mengait . Sekarang lakukan sungguh-sungguh. Cari pasangan yang seimbang . Berikan dorongan agar berani melakukannya hingga selesai . Peran seorang Pelatih sangat penting agar orang timbul keberanian untuk melaksanakan Jiyu Kumite hingga selesai. Pemahaman serta dorongan spirit sangat diperlukan. Semua yang sekarang sudah senior juga pernah mengalami pergolakan mental seperti mereka ketika baru mulai latihan. Kalau ingin melangkah lebih jauh, maka pengalaman kumite ini harus berani dilalui .
C. CONDITIONING ( Pengondisian )
Mengembangkan diri untuk mencapai kondisi sbb :
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SABUK HIJAU ( Kyu 4 & 3 )
A. TEKNIK
Kihon ( Dasar )
Lakukan sama seperti sabuk kuning .
Ido Kihon ( Dasar dalam Gerakan melangkah )
Melatih melangkah dalam sikap kuda-kuda pertarungan ( Kumite No Kamae )
Kata ( Jurus )
Pinan Sono Go , Gekisai Dai ( Kyu 4 )
Taikyoku Soni Ichi Ura & Ni Ura & San Ura ( Kyu 3 )
B. KUMITE ( Pertarungan )
Yakusoku Kumite
Perbanyak latihan mengait dalam sikap kuda-kuda pertarungan , Foot Work .
Jiyu Kumite : 60 detik ( 5 ronde )
Kriteria : Reigi ( tingkah laku, etiket, ketenangan ) / Kamae ( sikap kuda-kuda ) / Kiai / Kecepatan / Tenaga / Stamina / Tangkisan mengait / Irama / Kombinasi ( pukulan dan tendangan seimbang) / Foot Work .
C. CONDITIONING ( Pengondisian )
Mengembangkan diri untuk mencapai kondisi sbb :
SABUK COKLAT ( Kyu 2 & 1 )
A. TEKNIK
Kihon ( Dasar )
Lakukan sama seperti sabuk hijau
Ido Kihon ( Dasar dalam Gerakan melangkah )
Perbanyak latihan dalam kuda-kuda pertarungan ( Kumite No Kamae ) .
Kata ( Jurus )
Pinan Sono Ichi Ura & Ni Ura , Saifa , Gekisai Sho ( Kyu 2 )
Pinan Sono San Ura & Yon Ura & Go Ura , Tensho ( Kyu 1 )
B. KUMITE ( Pertarungan )
Yakusoku Kumite
Perbanyak latihan mengait dalam sikap kuda-kuda pertarungan , Foot Work .
Jiyu Kumite : 60 detik ( 10 ronde )
Kriteria : Reigi ( tingkah laku, etiket, ketenangan ) / Kamae ( sikap kuda-kuda ) / Kiai / Kecepatan / Tenaga / Stamina / Tangkisan mengait / Irama / Kombinasi ( pukulan dan tendangan seimbang) / Foot Work .
C. CONDITIONING ( Pengondisian )
Mengembangkan diri untuk mencapai kondisi sbb :
Kyokushin kai-Masutatsu oyama warm up
Korea-KYOKUSHIN championship 7th oct 2007 Part I
Korea-KYOKUSHIN championship 7th oct 2007 Part II
Midori kenji- awsome Jodan mawashi gery (5th world champion kyokushin karate in 1991)
Karate introduction with awsome demo video
Kihon Karate k Kumi The Federation of All Japan Karatedo Organization recognizes four traditional styles of karate: Styles that do not belong to one of these schools are not necessarily considered to be 'illegitimate' or 'bad' karate, but simply not one of the traditional schools. For example, the styles listed by the World Union of Karate-do Organizations (WUKO) are Gōjū-ryū, Shitō-ryū, Shōtōkan-ryū, Wadō-ryū, Shōrin-ryū, Uechi-ryū, Kyokushinkai, and Budōkan. Many schools would be affiliated with, or heavily influenced by, one or more of these traditional styles.
Karate or karate-do is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands from indigenous fighting methods and Chinese kenpo. Karate was originally written as Chinese hand in kanji. It was later changed to a homophone meaning empty hand. The word karate was used for some time orally before it was first written. It is primarily a striking art using punching, kicking, knee and elbow strikes. Open-handed techniques, grappling, locks, restraints, throws, and vital point strikes are taught in some styles. A karate practitioner is called a karateka.
Practice:
Karate can be practiced as budo, as a sport, as a combat sport, or as self defense training. Traditional karate places emphasis on self development (budo).
Modern Japanese style training emphasizes the psychological elements incorporated into a proper kokoro (attitude) such as perseverance, fearlessness, virtue, and leadership skills. Sport karate places emphasis on exercise and competition. Weapons (kobudo) is important training activity in some styles.
Karate training is commonly divided into kihon (basics or fundamentals), kata (forms), and kumite (sparring).
Choki M
otobu in Naihanchi-dachi, one of the basic karate stances
Karate styles place varying importance on kihon. Typically this is performance in unison of a technique or a combination of techniques by a group of karateka. Kihon may also be prearranged drills in smaller groups or in pairs.Kata 
ata:
Kata means literally "shape" or "model." Kata is a formalized sequence of movements which represent various attack and defense postures. These postures are based on idealized combat applications.Some kata use low and wide stances. This practice develops leg strength, correct posture, and gracefulness. Vigorous arm movements enhance cardiovascular fitness and upper body strength. Kata vary in number of movements and difficulty. The longer kata require the karateka to learn many complex movements. Diligent training and correct mindfulness lead to real understanding of combat principles.
Kata were developed before literacy was commonplace in Okinawa or China. Physical routines were a logical way to preserve this type of knowledge. The various moves have multiple interpretations and applications. Because the applicability for actual self-defense is so flexible there is no definitively correct way to interpret all kata. That is why only high ranking practitioners are qualified to judge adequate form for their own style. Some of the criteria for judging the quality of a performance are: Absence of missteps; correct beginning and especially ending; crispness and smoothness; correct speed and power; confidence; and knowledge of application. Kata with the same name are often performed differently in other styles of karate. Kata are taught with minor variations among schools of the same style. Even the same instructor will teach a particular kata slightly differently as the years pass.
To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required kata for that level. The Japanese terminology for grades or ranks is commonly used. Requirements for examinations vary among schoolsKumite (Sparring)
te:
Kumite is called sparring. It literally means "meeting of hands." Kumite is practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training.
Levels of physical contact during sparring vary considerably. Sport kumite is free or structured with no-contact or light contact and points are awarded by a referee. Full contact karate has several variants. Knockdown karate ( such as Kyokushin ) uses full power techniques to bring an opponent to the ground. Kickboxing variants ( for example K-1) win by knockout. Armour (bogu kumite) allows full power techniques with some safety.
Free sparring takes place in a closed area. The karateka are allow free choice of punching & kicking techniques. Depending upon style, takedowns and sweeps are allowed.
Structured kumite has clear stages: Both parties prepare for an attack and a defense.The attacker announces the attack indicating the target and the technique.The defender acknowledges the announced attack.he attacker executes the attack.The defender executes the block corresponding to the announced attack.Points are awarded by a referee. Left/right and techniques can be varied. Shōtōkan-ryūShitō-ryūGōjū-ryūWadō-ryū
Okinawan Goju-ryu karate
Kyokushikai-Midory kenji Awsome jodan Mawashi Gery
Shotokan Karate Preview
Wado-ryu Karate
Ninjutsu introduction + ninja iga demo video (indonesia)
NINJUTSU atau sering disebut NINPO merupakan seni beladiri bertarung yang mengandalkan strategi, Ninjutsu berasal dan berkembang sejak abad ke – 7 M di daerah Iga pegunungan Togukure dipedusunan Jepang. Konon pendiri beladiri ini bernama DAISUKE TOGAKURE yang menyempurnakan menjadi teknik berkelahi yang canggih yang menyatu dengan kegiatan mata-mata dan spiritual. Beladiri ini menyebar keseluruh pelosok penjuru dunia (termasuk AS) dengan nama Black Dragon International yang mana keberadaan Dojo dan latihan masih memakai sistem dari daerah asal yang masih dilestarikan hingga kini yaitu selalu tertutup dan tersembunyi disudut-sudut kota , walaupun Ninjitsu mulai diangkat dalam bentuk nilai ( Sport ) olah raga dalam jenis beladiri seperti halnya beladiri yang lain seperti KENDO, WUSHU, ANGGAR, AIKIDO dll. Sehingga Ninjutsu bukan lagi dianggap sebagai kelompok bayang-bayang yang menghantui dan menakutkan tetapi olah raga beladiri yang mulai digemari seluruh penjuru dunia.
NINJA “Kegelapan” merupakan senjata utama ninja Dengan menekuni ninjutsu dengan baik dan benar, suatu saat seorang ninja dapat mengetahui kejadian dan peristiwa yang akan terjadi. Pada tingkat tertinggi, ia bisa memiliki ketajaman visi yng akurat, seperti mata dewa. Ninja dan Mitologi bagi para pemerhati maupun pratisi beladiri. 'ninja' bisa segera dikaitkan dengan sosok yang terampil beladiri, ahli menyusup dan serba misterius seperti yang lazim tampak dalam film maupun personafikasi visual lainnya yang telah lama beredar. Dlam kenyataannya, tampilan fisik yang temaram kerena dibalut baju serba hitam ada benarnya juga, Namun, jika ada anggapan bahwa identik dengan sosok pembunuh brutal, berdarah dingin, pembuat onar, penebar kekacauan dan sabotase, tidak demikian adanya. Ninja dapat diartikan sebagai nama yang diberikan kepada seseorang yang menguasai dan mendalami seni beladiri Ninjutsu. Nin artinya "Pertahanan" dan jutsu adalah "seni" atau "cara". Sedang kata Ninja itu sendiri diambil dari kata Ninpo, dalam hal nama "Po" berarti falsafah hidup atau dengan kata lain ninpo adalah falsafah tertinggi dari ilmu beladiri ninjutsu yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dan derak laku keseharian seorang ninja. Jadi, seorang ninja akan selalu waspada dan terintegrasi pad prinsip "Ninpo". pada aliran Togakure-Ryu dikenal adanya tenaga atau enerji yang disebut "kuji-kiri". Prinsipnya adalah mentautkan menjadi satu harmoni antara kekuatan fisik, tenaga "ki" dan tenaga "langit" atau "sorga" yang diturunkan dari ajaran Shinto yang dinamakan "Amatsu Tara Shinto". Dengan pengelahan dan penyaluran energi yang tepat paduan tenaga kuji-kiri dapat sangat menghancurkan seperti sinar laser, namun disisi lain jika digunakan untuk olah pikir dapat menyelesaikan persoalan sangat pelik. Dalam kegunaan lain bisa dimanfaatkan untuk menghentikan hujan ataupun membuyarkan awan. Dlam aliran ini lainnya Shorinjin-ryu Saito. yang berkembang di Hawaii, Amerika serikat, dikenal dengan paham "tidak ada yang mustahil". Jika ada persoalan yang tidak bisa diatasi oleh orang lain, maka seorang ninja dengan kemampuan spiritual, mental dan fisiknya kerapkali dapat menyelesaikan perkara-perkara pelik.Asal Usul Ninja/ninjutsu
Walaupun belum disepakati seja kapan ninja ada, namun yang pasti disekitar abad ke enam belas,ninja sudah dikenal dan eksis berupa suatu keluarga atau “clan” dikota Iga dan Koga. Telah diketahui bahwa ninja merupakan profesi yang berhubungan dengan intelijen tingkat tinggi dalam pemerintahan feodal para raja-raja di Jepang. Berdasarkan keperluan waktu itu, masing-masing “clan” memiliki tradisi mengajarkan ilmu bela diri secara rahasia di dalam keluarganya saja. Ilmu bela diri yang dikenal kemudian dengan “Ninjutsu”. Adalah ilmu yang diwariskan dari leluhur mereka dan atas hasil penyempurnaan seni berperang selama puluhan generasi yang menurut para ahli sejarah dimungkinkan telah berlangsung lebih dari empat abad. Ilmu itu meliputi falsafah Bushido, spionase, taktik perang komando, tenaga dalam, dan tenaga supranatural, serta berbagai jenis bela diri lainyang tumbuh berkembang menuruti Jaman. Dibandingkan dengan bela diri lain, gerakan dan jurus ninjutsu tidak dilengkapi dengan keindahan gerak atau estetika anatomis. Yang ada betul-betul hanya tendangan, lemparan, patahan dan serangan. Kemudian dilengkapi dengan teknik pertahanan diri seperti jatuhan, rolling dan teknik bantu seperti meloloskan diri, mengendap, dan teknik-teknik khusus lainnya.Namun, pada prakteknya seorang Ninja akan berusaha menghidari kontak langsung dengan lawan-lawannya, oleh karenan itu berbagai alat lempar, lontar, tembak dan penyamaran lebih sering digunakan. Bedanya dari bela diri lain adalah bahwa Ninjutsu mengajarkan keahlian spionase, sabotase, melumpuhkan lawan dan menjatuhkan mental seperi layaknya prajurit komando khusus saat ini. Semua ilmu tersebut diperlukan dalam usaha untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada keluarga mereka. Lepas dari itumemang sulit dimengerti oleh orang lain yang belum memahami bahasa dan kebudayaan keluarga Ninja. Pada satu sisi Ninja harus bertempur dengan penuh rasi melindungi, namun di saat yang sama ia juga menerapkan falsafah “anda harus berperilaku seperti Iblis yang kejam dan licik” saat menggunakan jurus-jurus Ninja untuk menghadapi lawan. Disisi lain ajaran Ninpo memberi petunjuk bahwa salah satu tujuan dan sasaran dari Ninjutsu adalah mempertajam indera keenam kita. Pemaduan intuisi dan kekuatan fisik yang dilatih terus menerus dalam jangka waktu lama memungkinkan para Ninja untuk mengaktifkan indera keenamnya. Sehingga akan mengenal orang lain lebih baik dan mengerti berbagai persoalan dalam beragam disiplin Ilmu.
Untuk menjadi seorang Ninja sangat berat syaratnya, kondisi fisik, intelijensi, dan mental seorang Ninja harus berlipat kali dari standar orang biasa dan dilati sejak seorang calon Ninja berusi lima hingga tujuh tahun. Hasilnya dapat dilihat saat Ninja mampu menggerakkan sendi-sendinya dengan gerakan abnormal untuk meloloskan diri dari ikatan atau menyelinap. Atau mampu menyelam tanpa alat bantuanlebih dari lima menit, diam seperti patung sambil puasa makan minum berhari-hari, atau mampu melompat hingga ketinggian tiga meter lebih, di luar kemampuan orang normal. Selebihnya, ninja harus membaktikan seluruh hidupnya untuk ninjutsu. Tidak ada ampun bagi ninja yang membelot atau berkhianat, akan dicari sampai dapat di ujung dunia sekalipun dan harus menerima hukuman dari pimpinan keluarga ninja. Umumnya ninja yang dihukum tersebut dibunuh atau dilenyapkan.
Dalam aktivitasnya, ninja menggunakan kostum khusus agar tidak dikenal. Dari mulai wajah, ujung tangan sampai ujung kaki dibalut kain yang warnanya tergantung situasi dan kondisi. Hitam akan sering digunakan untuk malam, putih jika beroperasi di musim salju atau warna cokelat-hijau jika beroperasi di hutan-hutan. Dalam bajunya terdapat kantung-kantung tempat menyimpan sekumpulan senjata, alat, makanan kering, racun dan obat. Pantang bagi mereka untuk diketahui identitasnya di muka umum. Bahkan meninggal atau tewasnya seorang ninjapun menjadi rahasia. Begitu juga konsekuensinya bila jati diri seorang ninja terungkap, tidak ragu lagi ninja tersebut akan membunuh diri seraya merusakkan wajahnya. Rumah seorang ninja kerap dilengkapi dengan pintu-pintu rahasia, lorong-lorong bawah tanahdan tempat senjata serta amunisinya. Untuk menutupi dirinya seorang ninja sangat ahli menyamar. Pada suatu saat ia menjadi pendeta, keesokan harinya sudah menjadi pedagang dan lusa entah menjadi siapa lagi. tidak heran jika seorang tokoh ninja dapat memiliki tiga rumah berbeda lokasi dan juga punya tiga isteri dan anak-anaknya agar tidak bisa dideteksi musuh. Namun pada masa kini, seorang ninja bisa saja memiliki profesi atau posisi tinggi di perusahaan atau organisasi pemerintahan dan terpandang di masyarakat.
Walaupun hingga kini terdapat lebih dari ratusan keluarga ninja, baru awal tahun enam puluhan ninja bisa didekati dan disibak rahasianya oleh orang luar. Sejak ninja dinyatakan terlarang oleh Shogun Tokugawa di abad ke tujuh belas, baru sekitar di tahun 1950 larangan tersebut dicabut oleh pemerintah Jepang. Pada sekitar tahun 1960 televisi Jepang menayangkan laporan dokumentasi dan sejarah ninja yang ternyata mengundang sambutan tak terduga karena hal tersebut menjadi inspirasi dan luapan minat untuk mengetahui lebih jauh tentang ninja. Di tahun-tahun berikutnya muncullah film-film yang bertemakan ninja. Salah satu aliran ninja yang dapat membuka diri dan membawa misi untuk memperkenalkan ninja ke dunia luar adalah Togakure-ryu Grandmasternya (Soke Togakure-ryu Koshijutsu) adalah pewaris dari generasi ke 34, Masaaki Hatsumi, Ph.D, (69) yang profesi sehari-harinya adalah seorang tabib ahli penyembuhan dan pengobatan tulang(Chi-ropractor). Hatsumi sensei yang menguasai berbagai ilmu beladiri lain, terus mengembangkan dan menyempurnakan teknik-teknik ninjutsu. Pada tahun 1976-1978 ninjutsu berhasil dipublikasikan dan diajarkan ke Amerika Serikat oleh Stephen K. Hayes, yang telah berguru kepada Hatsumi sensei. Sejak itu, ninjutsu berkembang pesat dan menjadi cabang bela diri yang banyak diminati.SEKILAS NINJUTSU
Nin dari ninjutsu dan ninja, oleh orang Jepang diucapkan dalam fonetik suku kata yang sangat mirip. Jika diterjemahkan ke bahasa lain selain bahasa Jepang agak sulit dicari padanannya yang tepat. Kalaupun bisa harus diuraikan lebih banyak. Nin, yang juga dilafalkan sebagai "shinobi" yang juga berarti : daya tahan, perlindungan dan pencegahan secara mental dan fisik. Arti kata lain dari "nin" adalah intai, rahasia, atau samar. Namun dilihat dari karakter huruf kanjinya "nin" melambangkan "bilah (pisau, pedang)" atau "hati". jadi dalam arti yang lebih luas, "nin" berarti "raga, jiwa dan persepsi baik dan buruk akan selalu dalam keadaan terjaga. Dari sekian banyak keahlian ninjutsu yang diniliki seorang ninja ada delapan belas tingkat jenis ilmu dan seni berperang yang bisa dipelajari umum saat ini. Selebihnya, di luar ketrampilan fisik dan penguasaan jiwa, para pendekar ninja harus mempelajari latihan batin. Setelah menguasai level ini pendekar ninja bisa sangat ahli dan bahkan dianggap sebagai orang bijak atau juga dukun, karena kemampuannya menyatu dengan alam dan mengatur siklus alam sekitarnya.
1. Seishin Teki Kyoyo (pemurnian jiwa)
Ninja aliran Togakure sangat mengandalkan pemahaman dan pengenalan jati diri, tenaga fisik, kekuatan dan kelemahan diri, serta seberapa besar daya pengaruh dirinya terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Seorang ninja harus mengetahui dengan tepat dan benar maksud, kehendak, komitmen dan motivasi hidupnya. Perbedaan kecil saja dalam tingkat kematangan jiwa dapat membedakan antara hidup atau mati. Latihan daya tahan mental, cara melihat dan menganalisa keadaan diberikan bersamaan dengan pelatihan fisik. Dengan pemahaman dan penghayatan yang dalam terhadap proses universal, seorang ninja aliran Togakure akan menjadi seorang pendekar yang bijak, berjiwa kokoh karena memiliki pengetahuan yang didasari filosofi tinggi. Keterlibatan ninja dalam suatu duel atau pertarungan akan dimotivasi oleh niat melindungi dan kecintaan bagi yang dilindungi. Tidak dibenarkan terjadi seorang ninja bertarung karena semata-mata atas alasan uang atau upah.
2. TaiJutsu (tarung tangan kosong)
Merupakan panduan ilmu ketrampilan dan keahlian daken-taijutsu, yaitu pukul, tendang dan tangkis; ilmu ju taijutsu, yaitu gumul (grappling), cekik dan meloloskan dari kuncian; ilmu taihen jutsu, ilmu gerak tanpa suara meliputi guling, lompat dan jatuh, ketrampilan ini diperlukan saat terancam atau pada situasi bertahan.
3. Ninja Ken (pedang ninja)
Pedang
seorang ninja merupakan pedang pendek lurus bermata tunggal. Pedang ini merupakan senjata utama seorang ninja. Untuk menggunakan pedang ini dituntut dua keahlian utama yaitu: ilmu menarik pedang (dengan cepat namun halus gerakannya) sambil sekaligus mengayun untuk memotong, dan keahlian setangkas bermain anggar saat bentrok dengan musuh.
4. Bo Jutsu (jurus tongkat dan bilah)
Tongkat yang digunakan ada dua jenis tongkat panjang, sekitar dua meter, (Bo) dan tongkat pendek, sekitar satu meteran (hanbo). Adalagi senjata dari bilah bambu yang bila dibuka didalamnya ada mata pedang yang sepintas tampak seperi tongkat biasa saja.
5. Shuriken Jutsu (piaw atau senjata lempar)
Ilmu l
empar senjata yang berupa lempeng baja dengan mata tajam yang bersisi empat seperti bintang (senban shuriken) atau seperti paku lempar (shuriken). Senban shuriken dilempar sambil dipuntir dan diberi rotasi sehingga bisa menancap sambil memberi efek gergaji. Sedangkan bo shuriken dilempar dengan cepat satu persatu atau bersamaan beberapa buah hingga terlihat seperti kilatan jarum terbang.
6. Yari Jutsu (jurus tombak)
Tombak digunakan dalam pertarungan jarak sedang untuk menangkis dan meredam serangan lawan.
7. Naginata
Jutsu (jurus pedang bertongkat)
Merupakan sebuah pedang pendek yang gagangnya dibuat panjang seukuran tombak, lazim digunakan para ninja untuk membacok, membelah dan memotong lawan yang berada dalam jarak sedang. Aliran Ninja Togakure menggunakan golok atau pedang besar dari Cina. Digunakan untuk menyerang para samurai dan merobohkan tentara berkuda.
8. KusariGama (jurus rantai dan bandul)
Berupa ra
ntai sepanjang dua hingga tiga meter yang diberi bandul pada salah satu ujungnya. Pada ujung yang lain dikaitkan pada gagang arit tradisional Jepang. Rantai digunakan untuk menangkis serangan senjata lawan.
Sedangkan bilah arit akan dipakai untuk menghabisi lawan yang sudah terjerat. Senjata rantai dan bandul yang disukai oleh para ninja aliran Togakure adalah kyoketsu-soge yaitu belati lengkung yang gagangnya dipasangi tali halus dari rambut kuda atau rambut perempuan dan ujung tali yang satu lagi diberi cincin baja besar.
9. Kayaku Jutsu (Ilmu peledakan dan pembakaran)
Para ninja sangat ahli dalam penempatan, waktu, dan merakit dan instalasi sistem penghancur, baik itu menggunakan sistem ledak atau pembakaran.
10. Henso Jutsu (ilmu menyamar dan membaur)
Ilmu ini sangat diperlukan saat mata-mata atau spionase. Selain mahir membuat identitas palsu dan mengalihkan perhatian orang, ninja juga dikenal bergerak tanpa bisa dilacak.
11. Shinobi Iri (Ilmu mengintai dan menyusup)
Ilmu ini mengajarkan cara bergerak, berjalan dan lari tanpa mengeluarkan suara. Berjalan dan berlindung di bawah bayangan benda lain. 12. Ba jutsu (Ilmu berkuda) Salah satu persyaratan bagi anggota ninja adalah mampu bertempur di atas punggung kuda selain dari kemampuan menunggang kuda yang baik dan benar di segala medan.
13. Sui Ren (ilmu tempur di dalam air)
Meliputi teknik mengintai dengan cara berenang, bergerak tanpa suara di dalam air, cara menggunakan perahu khusus dan alat apung untuk mengambang di atas air dan teknik perkelahian di dalam air.
14. Bo Ryaku (ilmu strategi)
Merupakan ilmu menggunakan taktik yang tak lazim digunakan dalam kondisi bertahan maupun saat berada dalam pertarungan terbuka. Sering seorang ninja memanfaatkan kondisi dan iklim sekitar untuk melaksanakan programnya, tanpa terlalu banyak menggunakan energi sendiri.
15. Cho Ho (ilmu mata-mata/spionase)
Mendalami dan memahirkan teknik spionase, termasuk cara merekrut dan menempatkan orang yang dipakai sebagai mata-mata dengan cara yang paling efektif. 16. Inton Jutsu (teknik meloloskan diri dan menghilang) Ninja dikenal pandai untuk lolos tak terlacak dengan bantuan kondisi alam sekitar.
17. Ten Mon (Meteorologi)
Memprediksi atau meramalkan dan memanfaatkan cuaca dan musim merupakan bagian penting yang harus diperhitungkan dalam pertarungan. Seorang ninja dilatih terus menerus untuk membaca tanda-tanda alam sampai yang paling kecil supaya bisa memperkirakan kondisi cuaca.
18. Chi Mon (Geografi)
Merupakan teknik pemanfaatan pengolahan lahan.
(Preview)Ninjutsu Demonstration at Iga
Ninjutsu Demonstration at Iga
Ninjutsu fighting Demonstration At Iga
ninjutsu introduction + ninjutsu demo video at iga (English)
Kenjutsu is the Japanesse martial arts specializing in the use of the Japanese (Katana) Generally, Naginatajutsu is the Japanese martial art of wielding the naginata. This is a weapon resembling the medieval European glaive. Most naginatajutsu practiced today is in a modernized form, a gendai budō called naginatadō or atarashii naginata (new naginata), in which competitions also are held. Hensojutsu was skill involving disguise, impersonation, and infiltration. In some ninja clans it was known as the "Shichi Hō De"or, "seven ways of going" (one form of ninjutsu that has a person play a role much like an actor does in impersonating people). Boryaku is one of the 18 fundamental skills of the Togakure-ryu school of ninjutsu. Chi-mon or Chi mon is the Ninja discipline of geography.
Ninjutsu was developed by groups of people mainly from the Iga Province and Kōka, Shiga of Japan.Throughout history the shinobi have been seen as assassins for hire. They have been associated in the public imagination with activities that are considered criminal by modern standards. Although thought to have come from Chinese expatriates ninjutsu is believed by its adherents to be of Japanese origin. It is believed to be strongly influenced by the strategic principles of Sun Tzu. Throughout history many different schools (ryū)have taught their unique versions of ninjutsu. An example of these is the Togakure-ryū. This ryū was developed after a defeated samurai warrior called Daisuke Togakure escaped to the region of Iga. Later he came in contact with the warrior-monk Kain Doshi who taught him a new way of viewing life and the means of survival (ninjutsu)
Ninjutsu w
as developed as a collection of fundamental survivalist techniques in the warring state of feudal Japan. The ninja used their art to ensure their survival in a time of violent political turmoil. Ninjutsu included methods of gathering information, and techniques of non-detection, avoidance, and misdirection. Ninjutsu can also involve training in disguise, escape, concealment, archery, medicine, explosives, and poisons.
Skills relating to espionage and assassination were highly useful to warring factions in feudal Japan. Because these activities were seen as dishonorable Japanese warriors hired people who existed below Japan's social classes to perform these tasks. These persons were literally called "non-humans" (非人, hinin?).
At some point the skills of espionage became known collectively as ninjutsu. And the people who specialized in these tasks were called shinobi no mono. Somewhat later they were called ninja.
Eventually ninjutsu became so essential to warfare that some samurai began to practice these techniques. Finally they incorporated ninjutsu training into their formal martial arts schools (ryū).
"Ninjutsu" should refer only to a specific branch of Japanese martial arts. Otherwise the word ninjutsu can be used in a historical sense.
According to Bujinkan members the eighteen disciplines (jūhakkei) Togakure-ryū. Subsequently they became definitive for all ninjutsu schools by providing total training of the warrior in various fighting arts and disciplines.
Ninja jūhakkei was often studied along with Bugei Jūhappan (the "18 samurai fighting art skills"). Though some are used in the same way by both samurai and ninja other techniques were used differently by the two groups.
The 18 disciplines are :In ninjutsu, the mind must be prepared before it can receive what it must do. Derived from shinto and zen buddhism, the active mind must be clearly on task to make any technique work. It is said, "a naked man in an empty room can still practice ninjutsu." For ninjutsu is about a thinking, adaptive mind that is responsive to this situation, yet passive like a river on its banks.Taijutsu, literally meaning "body skill", is a term for Japanese martial arts Japanese martial arts techniques that rely on a science of body movements. Historically, the word taijutsu was often used interchangeably with jujutsu (as well as many other terms) to refer to a range of grappling skills.
kenjutsu takes the form of partnered practice exercised through Kata (pre-arranged forms, as opposed to competition, solo, or freestyle practice).Kenjutsu is the core means by which Koryu train their students to employ the Japanese swords against a variety of classical weapons, while indoctrinating the student in the combative mindset of the school.Bōjutsu "staff technique", is the martial arts of using a staff weapon called bō which simply means "staff". Staves are perhaps one of the earliest weapons used by man. They have been in use for thousands of years in Eastern Asia. Some techniques involve slashing, swinging, and stabbing with the staff.
riken jutsu (throwing shuriken) Shuriken jutsu is a general term describing the traditional Japanesse martial arts of throwing shuriken, which are small, hand-held weapons such as metal spikes (bo shuriken), circular plates of metal known as hira shuriken,Sōjutsu , meaning "art of the spear" is the Japanesse martial arts of fighting with the Japanese pearagintajutsu (naginata fighting)Kusarigamajutsu is the art of using the Japanese weapon Kusarigama. Kusarigamajutsu is featured in several separate martial arts such as Bujinkan (ninjutsu) and Shinto Muso-ryu. The Kusarigama is made up of three parts: the Kama (a wooden handle with a curved blade protruding at a right-angle on one and, and a small loop at the other), the Kusari (a chain attached to the Kama) and a weight at the end of the chain. In a confrontation the kusari is swung in wide sweeping arcs to distract/entangle the opponent and the Kama is used to deliver a fatal strike.Kayakujutsu (literally the art of gunpowder in Japanese) is the use of firearms, gunpowder and explosive especially by Ninja. The history and mythology surrounding ninjutsu and kayakujutsu are similar to the history of chemistry and the mythology surrounding Alchemy. Thus kayakujutsu mysticism refers to elements like the Earth (Chi) to develop Kaji (Fire) just as alchemy referred to elements just as air, earth, fire and water.Shinobi-iri are techniques for silent movement and climbing, combined with a range of specialized tools stood the agents in good stead when the time came for them to effect entry into the enemy camp.Sui-ren was the training that ninja underwent for techniques involving water. Some ninja were tasked to either deal with opponents in the water, disguise themselves in it, or to cross it.
Alongside more orthodox and mainstream measures, Boryaku includes use of unorthodox strategies and tactics, as well as manipulation of politics and exploitation of other current events to assist in subtle influence of the opponent.Chōhō , literally meaning "secret information" or "intelegency", is the art of espionage, and one of the 18 fundamental skills of the Togakure-ryu school of ninjutsu. It was one of the most significant as the main duties of the ninja were spying and sabotage.Tenjinmon is the ninja art of understanding and using meteorology as a strategic weapon. It allowed ninja to foresee weather changes and to use them as an advantage.
The ninja of medieval Japan would spend many days in classrooms learning the geography of Japan and memorizing its major rivers and their tributaries. In addition, ninja would learn botany, Entomology, geology, and zoology in order to determine their location, based on their Natural surroundding.
Today the main focus of ninjutsu deals with the techniques relevant to armed and unarmed.
(Preview)Ninjutsu Demonstration at Iga
Ninjutsu Demonstration at Iga
Ninjutsu fighting Demonstration At Iga
TaeKwondo history with awsome video
Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and Chinese combat sport. Taekwondo is the national sport of South Korea. It is also regarded as the world's most popular martial art in terms of number of practitioners,and sparring, or kyeorugi, is an official Olympic sporting event. In Korean hanja, tae means to trample with the foot; kwon means fist; and do means way, taekwondo is loosely translated as to the foot and hand way.
Taekwondo's popularity has resulted in the varied evolution of the martial art into several domains: as with many other arts, it combines combat techniques, self-defense, sport, exercise, meditation and philosophy.
There are two main systems of Taekwondo: Kukkiwon system, whos sparring system named "Shihap Kyorugi" is an event at the summer Olympics and is governed by the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF); and International Taekwondo Federation (ITF), which was founded by General Choi Hong Hi, the father of Taekwondo. Although there are great doctrinal and technical differences among the two taekwondo styles and organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks thrown from a mobile stance, employing the leg's greater reach and power (compared to the arm). Circular motions that generate power are of central importance. Also important to the generation of power is the movement of the hips while performing a punch or a block. Taekwondo training generally includes a system of blocks, punches, and open-handed strikes and may also include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and joint locks.
History
The oldes
t Korean martial art was an amalgamation of unarmed combat styles developed by the three rival Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Silla and Baekje. Young men were trained in unarmed combat techniques to develop strength, speed, and survival skills. The most popular of these techniques was subak, with taekkyeon being the most popular of the segments of subak.
Those who demonstrated strong natural aptitude were selected as trainees in the new special warrior corps, called the Hwarang. It was believed that young men with a talent for the liberal arts may have the grace to become competent warriors. These warriors were instructed in academics as well as martial arts, learning philosophy, history, a code of ethics, and equestrian sports. Their military training included an extensive weapons program involving swordsmanship and archery, both on horseback and on foot, as well as lessons in military tactics and unarmed combat using subak. Although subak was a leg-oriented art in Goguryeo, Silla's influence added hand techniques to the practice of subak.
In spite of Korea's rich history of ancient and traditional martial arts, Korean martial arts faded into obscurity during the Joseon Dynasty. Korean society became highly centralized under Korean Confucianism and martial arts were lowly regarded in a society whose ideals were epitomized by its scholar-kings.Formal practices of traditional martial arts such as subak and taekkyeon were reserved for sanctioned military uses. However folk practice of taekkyeon as a kicking game still persisted into the 19th century.
During the Japanese occupation (1910-1945), the practice of tae-kyon was banned. Although the art essentially vanished, some aspects of taekkyeon may have survived through underground teaching and folk custom. As the Japanese colonization established a firm foothold in Korea, the few Koreans who were able to attend Japanese universities were exposed to Okinawan and Japanese martial arts, and some received black belts in these arts. Koreans in China were also exposed to Chinese martial arts.
After World War II and the liberation of Korea, several Kwans (schools) arose. They included: Chung Do Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Jidokwan (or Yun Moo Kwan), Chang Moo Kwan, Han Moo Kwan, Oh Do Kwan, Jung Do Kwan, Kang Duk Won,and Song Moo Kwan. All taught Japanese-influenced systems. Most were based on Japanese Karate, most notably Shotokan Karate. As these arts began to be taught openly by Koreans who had learned it in Japan, they were taught under such names as kongsudo and tangsudo. According to Steven D. Capener:
This process of development can be broadly outlined as follows: Japanese karate called kongsudo or tangsudo was introduced to Korea just after liberation from Japan by Koreans who had learned karate in Japan. Upon returning, these Koreans opened karate gymnasiums promoting what they were teaching as karate, much like the process followed by the early Judo instructors. Well after these schools became established, the need to "Koreanize" was felt. The process of Koreanization consisted of three main aspects. The first was the selection of a new, non-Japanese name. The second was the creation of a system of techniques and training which was distinctly different from that of karate, and the third was the attempt to establish t'aegwondo's existence and development within the historical flow of Korean civilization.
The liberation of Korea also brought renewed interest in indigenous arts. Song Duk-ki gave a taekkyon demonstration for Republic of Korea President Syngman Rhee. Korean nationalism led to the development of a new, clearly Korean art from the Japanese Karate base, influenced by memories of past Korean martial arts and by a desire to create an art that could be practiced as a competitive sport.
In 1952, at the height of the Korean War, South Korea held a massive show of patriotism, including a martial arts display where all the Kwans of Korea displayed their skills. Major Nam Tae Hi stole the show when he smashed 13 roof tiles with a forefist punch. Following the demonstration, President Syngman Rhee instructed General Choi Hong Hi to introduce the martial arts to the Korean army.
By the end of the Korean War, nine schools of martial arts had emerged, and South Korean President Syngman Rhee ordered that the various schools unify under a single system. A governmental body selected a naming committee's submission of "tae-kwon-do". Following the submission of the name "taekwondo" on April 11, 1955 by General Choi Hong Hi, the name was unanimously accepted. The Korean Taekwondo Association (KTA) was formed in 1959 to facilitate the unification. Shortly thereafter, taekwondo made its debut worldwide. Standardization efforts in South Korea stalled, as the kwans continued to teach differing styles. Another request from the Korean government for unification resulted in the formation of the Korea Tae Soo Do Association, which changed its name back to the Korean Taekwondo Association in 1965 following a change of leadership.
General Choi is also known to be the author of the first English Taekwondo syllabus book, entitled "Taekwon-Do" published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965. General Choi later founded the ITF on March 22nd 1966 in Seoul, South Korea. Choi claimed to have studied Korean martial arts when young and earned a black belt in Shotokan karate in Japan from a mysterious man named Mr. Kim. However, every Kwan senior disagrees with this statement. Subsequently, Choi fell out of favor with the authorities in South Korea and moved his organization to Canada in 1972. It is also worth noting that he is regarded by ITF taekwondo practitioners as the founder of taekwondo and equally worth noting that all the major Kwan leaders disagree and state that Taekwondo was founded by many men, not one.
In 1972, the Korea Taekwondo Association Central Dojang was opened. A few months later, the name was changed to the Kukkiwon. The following year, the WTF was formed. The International Olympic Committee recognized the WTF and taekwondo sparring in 1980, and the sport was accepted as a demonstration event at the 1988 Seoul and the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympic Games. It became an official medal event as of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Taekwondo is one of two Asian martial arts (judo being the other) in the Olympic Games.
Both the ITF and WTF operate internationally, and taekwondo is one of the most popular martial arts in the world. Although competition is a significant feature of taekwondo, many practitioners study taekwondo for personal development, to learn self-defense, or for a combination of reasons.Features
Taekwondo is famed for its use of kicking techniques,especially which distinguishes it from m
artial arts such as karate or southern styles of kung fu. The rationale is that the leg is the longest and strongest weapon a martial artist has, and kicks thus have the greatest potential to execute powerful strikes without successful retaliation. One defining kick of Taekwondo is the Back Kick - which is usually exclusive to Taekwondo.
Taekwondo as a sport and exercise is popular with people of both sexes and of many ages. Physically, Taekwondo develops strength, speed, balance, flexibility, and stamina. An example of the union of mental and physical discipline is the breaking of boards, which requires both physical mastery of the technique and the concentration to focus one's strength.
A Taekwondo student typically wears a uniform (dobok), often white but sometimes black or other colors, with a belt (tti) tied around the waist. The belt indicates the student's rank. The school or place where instruction is given is called the dojang.
Although each Taekwondo club or school will be different, a Taekwondo student can typically expect to take part in most or all of the following:Competition
Some Taekwondo instructors also incorporate the use of pressure points, known as ji ap sul as well as grabbing self-defense techniques borrowed from other martial arts, such as Hapkido and Judo.
Taekwondo ranks are separated into "junior" and "senior" or "student" and "instructor" sections. The junior section typically consists of ten ranks indicated by the Korean word geup (also Romanized as gup or kup). The junior ranks are usually identified by belts of various colors, depending on the school, so these ranks are sometimes called "color belts". Geup rank may be indicated by stripes on belts rather than by colored belts. Students begin at tenth geup (usually indicated by a white belt) and advance toward first geup (usually indicated by a red belt with a black stripe as 1st Guep).
Ranks, belts, and promotion
Th
e senior section is made up of nine full ranks of black belt. These ranks are called dan , also referred to as "black belts" and "degrees" (as in "third dan" or "third-degree black belt"). Black belts begin at first degree and advance to second, third, and so on. The degree is often indicated on the belt itself with stripes, Roman numerals, or other methods; but sometimes black belts are plain and unadorned regardless of rank.
To advance from one rank to the next, students typically complete promotion tests in which they demonstrate their proficiency in the various aspects of the art before a panel of judges. Promotion tests vary from school to school, but may include such elements as the execution of patterns, which combine various techniques in specific sequences; the breaking of boards, to demonstrate the ability to use techniques with both power and control; sparring and self-defense, to demonstrate the practical application and control of techniques; and answering questions on terminology, concepts, history, and so on, to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the art. For higher dan tests, students are sometimes required to take a written test or to submit a research paper in addition to taking the practical test.
Promotion from one geup to the next can proceed fairly rapidly, since schools often allow geup promotions every two, three, or four months. Students of geup rank learn the most basic techniques first, then move on to more advanced techniques as they approach first dan.
In contrast, promotion from one dan to the next can take years. The general rule is that a black belt may advance from one rank to the next only after the number of years equivalent to the rank. For example, a newly-promoted third-degree black belt may not be allowed to promote to fourth-degree until three years have passed. Some organizations also have age requirements related to dan promotions, and may grant younger students poom (junior black belt) ranks rather than dan ranks until they reach a certain age. Dan ranks usually have titles associated with them, such as "master" and "instructor". At some schools though it doesn't matter if you are a poom or a dan you have the same titles and respect associated with it. However, these titles and their associations with specific ranks vary among schools and organizations. Example: According to the Kukkiwon and the World Taekwondo Federation Master is 5th Degree (dan or poom), and Grandmaster is from 7th Degree. Neither Dan has nothing to do with the title of instructor or Sabumnim. To be a Sabumnim, one must take the course at Kukkiwon and become certified as such. Other systems have different rules about this subject. To learn more about those rules, check with the organizations.
The two main Taekwondo organizations have their own rules and standards when it comes to ranks and the titles that go with them; for details, see Kukkiwon and International Taekwondo Federation.
Tenets
Courtesy (Ye Ui) Showing courtesy to all, respecting others, having manners as well as maintaining the appropriate etiquette at all times, both within and outside the dojang (designated training area).
Integrity (Yom Chi) Although it may be similar to the definition provided in the common dictionary, this form of integrity takes on a wider role. In TaeKwon-Do, integrity means not only to determine what is right or wrong but also having the conscience to feel guilt if one has done wrong and to have the integrity stand up for what is right.
Perseverance (In Nae) One will persevere time and time again until a result is achieved which is adequate towards what one was trying to achieve.
Self-control (Guk-Gi) This means to not only have control over one's physical acts but also your own mental thoughts and actions.
Fighting Spirit (Baekjul Boolgool) To have indomitable spirit means to have the courage to stand up for what you believe in, no matter what odds you are up against, and to always give 100% effort in whatever you do.Taekwondo competition typically involves sparring, breaking, patterns, and/or self-defense (hosinsul). However, in Olympic taekwondo competition, only sparring is contested; and in Olympic sparring the WTF competition rules are used. These rules are available at the WTF website.
WTF
U
nder WTF and O
lympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event and takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 10 meters square. Each match or bout consists of three non-stop rounds of contact with rest between rounds. Junior fighters fight in 2-minute rounds with a 30-second break, while senior fighters fight in 3-minute rounds with 30-second breaks. Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal scoring areas; light contact to a scoring area does not score any points. A kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's hogu (a trunk protector that functions as a scoring target) scores one point; a kick to the head scores two points. Punches to the head are not allowed. If a competitor is knocked down by a scoring technique and the referee counts, then an additional point is awarded to the opponent.
At the end of three rounds, the competitor with the most points wins the match. If, during the match, one competitor gains a 7-point lead over the other, or if one competitor reaches a total of 12 points, then that competitor is immediately declared the winner and the match ends. In the event of a tie at the end of three rounds, a fourth "sudden death" overtime round will be held to determine the winner, after a 30-second rest period.
ITF
The ITF sparring rules are similar, but differ from the WTF rules in several respects. Most im
portantly, sparring is a light- rather than full-contact event. Moreover, hand attacks to the head are allowed; flying techniques score more points than grounded techniques; the competition area is slightly smaller (9 meters square instead of 10 meters); and competitors do not wear the hogu used in Olympic-style sparring (although they are required to wear approved foot and hand protection equipment). The ITF competition rules and regulations are available at the ITF information website.
Common styles of ITF Sparring Gear
Common styles of ITF Sparring Gear
ITF competitions also feature performances of patterns, breaking and "special techniques", a category where competitors preform prescribed board breaks at great heights.
AAU Competitions are almost the same thing except that there are different styles of pads and gear that you are allowed to wear. If you find anything that has the Olympic symbol that does not have WTF on it then it is approved.
Taekwondo best KO
2007 Taekwondo World Championship 72 kg Male Semifinal 1/3
2007 Taekwondo World Championship 72 kg Male Semifinal 2/3
2007 Taekwondo World Championship 72 kg Male Final 3/3
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